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2016年1月19日 星期二

Apple pectin used for radiation protection after Chernobyl

Pectin is a galacturonic acid polymer found in the cell walls of plants. It was first isolated in the 1820s as a key component to making jams and jellies (1). As a food supplement, apple pectin is a dietary fiber often taken to maintain good digestive health. In addition, apple pectin has the ability to remove radioactive particles from the intestinal tract, and it was used extensively after the Chernobyl nuclear catastrophe to treat children exposed to radiation. In the 1960s, studies revealed that pectins eliminated the radionuclides Strontium, Cesium and Cobalt, and decreased the absorption of lead. This finding was the basis for treating people exposed to radiation following the 1986 disaster at Chernobyl. Researchers at the Institute of Biophysics and other research centers have confirmed these findings.


Apple pectin's ability to decrease Cs-137 levels in the body has been documented in clinical studies performed on thousands of children exposed to radiation after Chernobyl. Vassily B. Nesterenko and Alexey V. Nesterenko, of the Institute of Radiation Safety (BELRAD) in Minsk, Belarus, report that:

"From 1996 to 2007 a total of more than 160,000 Belarusian children received pectin food additives during 18 to 25 days of treatment (5 g. twice a day). As a result, levels of CS-137 in children's organs decreased after each course of pectin additives by an average of 30 to 40 percent." 

Other studies show even more impressive results:

"In June-July 2001 BELRAD...conducted a placebo-controlled double-blind study of 615 children with internal contamination who were treated with [apple pectin] (5g twice a day) for a 3-week period. In children taking the [apple pectin] (together with clean food) Cs-137 levels were lowered much more effectively than in the control group, who had clean food combined with a placebo." An adjacent chart shows a decrease of 63.6% compared with the placebo decrease of only 13.9% after only 21 days–results 4.5 times more effective.

Shortly after the nuclear disaster at Fukushima, Professor Dimitre Kirtchev discovered a particular pectin that is pharmaceutical-grade, highly soluble and ideal for treating people exposed to radiation. This pectin, now the main ingredient in ProPectin, comes from apples grown in one part of the world where conditions produce pectin so potent it is actually too strong for use in making jams and jellies.

A six-step refinement process turns this powerful, raw apple pectin into a concentrated powder that can easily and quickly be mixed in a glass of water. When consumed, ProPectin is immediately absorbed, binds with Cs-137, and helps to flush it from the body. ProPectin does not remove important trace elements needed in the body and has no side effects or contraindications.

Pectin has a cell wall comprised of three pectic polysaccharides, including homogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan-I, and rhamnogalacturonan-II, or RG-II. Scientists discovered that RG-II binds with heavy metals like Cesium-137 (Cs-137) in a process called chelation, and the residues are subsequently flushed from the body through natural elimination processes.

The apple pectin used in ProPectin is extracted from the skin and pulp of apples grown in one part of the world. These apples appear to offer a superior ability to extract Cs-137 from the body. These exceptionally high quality apples are certified pesticide-free and contain no chemical additives. Technicians use 250 kilograms of apples to extract one kilogram of pharmaceutical-grade pectin, instantly soluble enough for human consumption. Nine grams of ProPectin, taken in the first 30 days, provide the daily dose of apple pectin required to assist the body in flushing Cs-137 from the system.

The formulation process to make ProPectin is very intricate and unique, requiring large amounts of ingredients that are in limited supply. At present, the amount of ProPectin available to purchase is very restricted. Efforts, however, are underway to increase this supply as quickly as possible.

Many years of studies conducted on children contaminated by radiation after the Chernobyl catastrophe show that apple pectin helps to reduce the level of Cs-137 in the body.

Most inexpensive pectin products are only 8 to 12 percent pure and often contain other ingredients besides pectin. ProPectin contains pure apple pectin plus glucose and ascorbic acid. Studies show that apple pectin does not deplete the body of necessary trace elements like iron, copper and zinc.

To flush Cs-137 from the body, individuals need to consume 8 to 12 grams of apple pectin a day. Unfortunately, most pectin products take too long to dissolve (at least 12 hours for 0.5 grams), come as gel tablets which do not dissolve in the body effectively, and can contain negligible amounts of pectin. Taken three times a day, ProPectin provides nine grams of pure, pharmaceutical-grade apple pectin–one of the highest quality, soluble apple pectin products on the market.

ProPectin Offers Other Health Benefits

ProPectin™ was initially developed and marketed to combat the effects of radiation contamination - a need that arose dramatically when Japan was devastated by an earthquake and tsunami in March 2011. This catastrophic event severely damaged the nuclear reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in the northeastern part of Japan. Three of the plant's six reactors experienced a full nuclear meltdown, which released deadly, cancer-causing radioactive isotopes like Plutonium, Strontium and Cesium-137 into the environment. The International Nuclear Event Scale classifies the accident at Fukushima as a Level 7 - its highest classification for the danger created by such a meltdown.


The response to ProPectin's ability to flush deadly toxins from the body has been overwhelming, especially among the people in heavily populated metropolitan cities who face the most serious risks to their health from exposure to daily contaminants. Our goal is to help people reclaim their health and do everything possible to avoid the long-term health risks that can result from such exposure.

Continued research of apple pectin shows that ProPectin can offer significant health benefits to people in many other ways. Studies reveal that apple pectin offers anticancer properties, can help maintain healthy cholesterol levels and lower the risk of cardiovascular disease, can improve issues associated with incontinence and inflammation, can help lower blood glucose and insulin levels, assists with healthy weight management, and is a useful agent for delivery of cancer drugs.

Many scientists and nutritionists feel apple pectin has the ability to support many other health issues. According to Susan Sungsoo Cho in her book, Fiber Ingredients, apple pectin may slow the rate at which your body absorbs sugars. Cho says apple pectin works by slowing your digestion of sugars and fats, which leads to lower blood glucose levels and a reduced insulin demand. Cho also believes apple pectin may help protect against colon cancer, since it speeds up excretion, which helps the body to eliminate cancer-causing substances more quickly (3).
A. Stewart Truswell, human nutrition expert at the University of Sydney, Australia, and author of a commentary published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, says apple pectin works better than oat bran, psyllium or guar gum in lowering cholesterol. Researcher M. Gonzalez, lead author of a study published in the Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry, found that apple pectin works best for blood cholesterol.

ProPectin contains 100 percent pharmaceutical-grade apple pectin, sourced from some of the highest quality apples in the world. It takes 250 kilos of apples to make one kilo of ProPectin. A six-step patented process turns this powerful apple pectin into a concentrated powder that can easily and quickly be mixed in a glass of water, making it the only 100% soluble, high grade apple pectin.

2015年3月22日 星期日

吐故納新 - 蘋果果膠

莊子提議「吹呴呼吸,吐故納新,熊經鳥伸,為壽而已矣」;其中說的「吐故納新」,正正是將身體內混濁的舊物吐出來,騰出空間,讓新鮮的東西可以走進去取代之;配合(前一句)深長的呼吸,(後一句)學鳥獸姿勢做體操運動,那就可以延年益壽了。

身體中,若膽囊不能將膽汁「吐故」,便會屯積,日積月累,最終可能導致膽石出現。機制上,食物中的脂肪刺激十二指腸,令其分泌一個叫 CCK(全名 Cholecystokinin)的膽囊收縮素;CCK 放鬆膽管的括約肌(叫 Sphincter of Oddi),同時也收縮膽囊,這便會「開閘」,放出膽汁。膽汁中的 Deoxycholic Acid 可以乳化脂肪,令油性的脂肪更能與水性的環境「水乳交融」,方便小腸消化脂肪。否則,若脂肪原封不動到達大腸,可令大腸內的脂肪比例增加,截劫(吸納)一些脂溶性的維他命(例如維他命 D 和 E),間接令大腸減低吸收這些重要的維他命。膽汁中的另一個重要成分是膽固醇(Cholesterol)。先是肝細胞表面的「低密度脂肪蛋白(LDL)接受體」不停地把血液中的 LDL 拖入細胞內分解,之後把分解出的膽固醇經膽汁送到小腸,再恭送出門。一旦「膽淘空」受阻,大量的膽固醇便滯留在膽管,形成膽石。正常情況下,肝細胞用一個叫 CAH(全名 Cholesterol Alpha Hydroxylase)的生物酵素,將部分的膽固醇轉為膽酸。所以若能加強 CAH 的作用,膽石便不容易形成。

有一個補健食品叫蘋果果膠(Pectin),能透過提升 CAH 而減少肝的膽固醇(J. Nutr., Vol.125, pp.454-458),防止及減少膽石(Experientia, Vol.40, pp.350-351);另一方面,它能藉一個叫 CEPT(全名 Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein)的蛋白質,減低肝內及血內的膽固醇(J. Nutr., Vol.128, pp.1944-1949),尤其是血中的 LDL(J. Lipid Res., Vol.36, pp.2394-2404)。再研究下去,原來果膠會被寄居在大腸的細菌轉化為小分子的脂肪酸,後者能抑制肝中一個製造膽固醇的生物酵素,叫 HMG-CoA Reductase(Can. J. Anim. Sci., Vol.51, pp.121-127)。

順便一提,要消除便秘,一般對策是多吃植物纖維,但這只不過是令「東西」不會「滑不溜手」而已,更好的方法是用一個叫乙醯膽鹼(Acetylcholine)的神經傳導物去刺激腸的平滑肌,增加腸的蠕動。什麼東西有此能耐?正是蘋果果膠。它能強化(Synergize)乙醯膽鹼,幫助腸一下一下地蠕動,將消化食物後的廢物一步一步地移走(Bull. Exp. Biol. Med., Vol.141, pp.430-432)。

2012年3月10日 星期六

鼻咽癌


鼻咽癌是由一種稱為 Epstein Barr Virus的病毒所引起的,這種病毒有兩種方法可以傳染細胞,當病毒的遺傳物質DNA繞着人類細胞核內的DNA,能使人體的細胞產生異變,亦即是癌變,這種傳染方法被稱為「潛伏式」的傳染方法(Latent Form)。

病毒另一種傳染人類細胞的方法,是在細胞核以外稱為細胞漿的地方繁殖,當繁殖的病毒愈來愈多,最後會將細胞「谷爆」,這種傳染方式稱為「谷爆式」傳染方法(Lytic Form)。當細胞被病毒谷爆後,病毒便能夠滲入血液裏,那時候免疫系統便會發現到病毒,並製造抗體,將病毒消滅。若果病毒是「谷爆式」的傳染方法,免疫系統能夠完全將它撲滅。

鼻咽癌是很難根治的,因為它的病毒是潛伏在細胞裏面,令免疫系統無法監測到它的存在。不過,如果我們有方法,可以令到潛伏了的病毒活躍起來,走出細胞核並在細胞漿的位置繁殖,那麼病毒便會愈來愈多,其數量多得足以令細胞爆破。

要有效將病毒趕離細胞核,便要抑制去乙醯基酵素(HDAC),這個HDAC酵素便是幫助病毒躲藏在細胞核裏面。那麼有什麼方法可以抑制HDAC呢?便是利用蘋果果膠(Apple Pectin)內的丁酸鹽(Butyrate)。當蘋果果膠進入大腸後,大腸的細菌可以將蘋果果膠轉化為丁酸鹽,當丁酸鹽經大腸吸收到血液後,便可以到達癌細胞,而丁酸鹽能夠穿過血腦屏障,即使癌細胞已擴散至腦部,丁酸鹽也能到達,所以理論上,蘋果果膠是能夠撲滅鼻咽癌的。(J. Virol. Vol. 76, pp. 10290-10298; Int. J. Cancer. Vol. 126, pp.             2479-2489      )

鹹魚含防腐劑亞硝基胺

包括香港以及國內的很多研究報告也指出,如果在三十五歲前吃很多鹹魚,容易患上鼻咽癌。這是由於鹹魚內有大量的防腐劑亞硝基胺(Nitrosamine),這種防腐劑會令細胞癌變,所以經常進食鹹魚,除會容易患上鼻咽癌,亦會較易患上舌癌、口腔癌、喉癌等口腔疾病。

有傳言表示,患有長期過敏性鼻炎會導致患有鼻咽癌。其實長期過敏性鼻炎與患上鼻咽癌並沒有關係,但是細胞或者組織發炎,會令到上皮細胞增生的,當上皮細胞經常增生,便很容易出事,因為引起癌變的關鍵,便是有一個轉綠因子NFKB,當NFKB過度活躍,細胞會增生,以及容易擴散,所以無論哪一個地方經常發炎,例如胃部經常發炎便容易產生胃癌,腸經常發炎便會容易患上腸癌。


若患上鼻咽癌的話,便應該注意飲食,小心選擇食物,並進食多些有益的食物,例如菜心、桂皮,以及葱蒜等食物。菜心裏面含有一種稱為芥蘭素(Indole-Carbinol)的物質,這種物質能夠令癌細胞自滅。

由於細胞本身有一個自我消滅的機制,而這個機制是交由癌抑制蛋白控制的,芥蘭素能夠提升癌抑制蛋白,所以吃菜心有防癌的作用(Int. J. Toxical. Vol.29, pp. 185-192)。

廣東病發率偏高

至於桂皮,裏面含有一種叫桂皮醛(Cinnamaldehyde),它具有抗氧化成分,而且能抑制癌細胞的生長,以及令癌細胞自滅,所以桂皮是一個很好的抗癌保健食品(Carcino Genesis, Vol. 31, pp. 481-488)。

至於經常接觸的葱蒜,由於葱蒜裏面含有一種有用的抗癌物質S-烯丙基半胱氨酸(S-Allylcysteine),它能夠令癌細胞自滅的,如果能夠培養經常進食生葱生蒜的習慣,是對身體很有益處的。

個別食物雖然對個別病症有食療之效,但不能亂來,而廣東人最喜歡進補食療,認為這是強身健體的最佳方式,但早前有專家挑戰這個說法,認為經常進補的生活習慣是導致廣東鼻咽癌發病率高的原因之一。

專家認為鼻咽癌在廣東發病率偏高,除與城市環境、家庭裝飾材料等跟其他地區相同的污染影響有關之外,還與廣東人的特殊生活習慣和地理氣候有關。廣東人都很講究補,吃東西補身,吃藥材補身,令人體內部熱氣上升,產生肝膽實火也就較易患鼻炎和鼻咽發炎。

除此之外,廣東氣候潮濕悶熱,熱毒和濕毒多,所以廣東人容易上火,易得鼻炎和咽喉炎。廣東更是全國鼻咽癌發病率最高地區,佔全 國的百分之六十,較其他地區的發病率高出二十至三十倍。

據資料顯示,近年來廣東地區鼻咽癌發病的情況已到了令人擔心的地步。在廣州市腫瘤醫院,平均每月新增二百名鼻咽癌患者,而中山醫科大學腫瘤醫院則達四百名。

2012年1月10日
2012年1月17日 - 信報