2014年8月31日 星期日

安康晚年 不想變老 調理脾胃

曾經烏黑的頭髮漸漸染上白霜,曾經紅潤的皮膚變得萎黃無澤,曾經的「美食家」卻食之無味。無奈的嘆息一聲「老了!」心裏卻在疾呼「我不要老!」延緩衰老、健康長壽是我們每一個人的願望,要實現這一願望,調理脾胃是關鍵。
脾胃為人體的「後天之本」,意指人出生之後,生命即繫於脾胃,脾胃對於維持人體的生命活動具有非常重要的作用。脾胃協同完成飲食物的攝入、消化和吸收,使水穀食物轉變為營養人體的精微物質,化生精、氣、血、津液,滋養人體,故又稱「脾胃乃氣血生化之源」。脾胃功能健旺,氣血化生充足,青春美麗健康方可常駐。
判斷脾胃功能是否正常主要觀察五個方面:面色、飲食、口味、精神、排便。脾胃功能正常,則面色紅潤有光澤,飲食有味,消化吸收正常,口中清爽,四肢強勁,精力充沛,大便狀如香蕉,不硬不爛。
脾胃功能不正常,則易出現面色萎黃、 黃褐斑、脫髮、白髮、食欲不振、飽飽滯滯、口苦、口臭、疲乏、肢體浮腫、腹脹、腹瀉、便秘、濕疹等;氣血生化不足,則頭暈、 心慌、失眠、健忘等。
「腎為先天之本」,所謂先天之本,即來自於父母親的體質基礎。如果先天不足,通過後天調養脾胃補足,同樣可以延年益壽;但如果先天非常好,卻不重視後天脾胃的調養,久之也會多病減壽。認識到脾胃的重要性,及早調養,就可以「盡終其天年,度百歲乃去」!
以下為調理脾胃藥膳方:(一)參棗粥:黨參10克,大棗五枚,粳米100克,同煮成粥;有健脾益氣的作用,適用於脾胃虛弱者。(二)山藥薏苡仁粥:山藥30克,薏苡仁15克,粳米100克,同煮成粥;有益氣健脾祛濕的作用,適用於脾胃虛弱,大便偏爛者。(三)蓮子豬肚湯:蓮子20克,豬肚一個,胡椒少許,同煮成湯,去胡椒後食用;有溫胃健脾,益氣補虛的作用,適用於脾胃虛寒者。

2014年8月27日 星期三

檳城美食

(GeorgeTown)被聯合國列為世界文化遺產外,檳城曾在紐約時報選的「世界上44個必到景點」中排行第二,被雅虎旅遊選為「十大人生必探索島嶼」之一。美食方面,檳城曾入選CNNGo「亞洲十大街道美食城市」,檳城的「亞參叻沙」更被CNN選為「世界五十大美食」第七位。

        檳城是掃街覓食的好去處,街上到處都是大排檔、茶室、咖啡座和車仔檔,小吃粉麵款式甚多,從檳城蝦麵、炒貴刁、亞參叻沙、厚多士、印度炒麵、白咖喱麵到煎蕊、豬腸粉、紅豆冰和蠔煎,式式俱備,價錢便宜,幾十港元便可食到飽飽。

        今次檳城之旅我們住在喬治市的E&O酒店,放下行李後便跟當地識途老友到「SriWeld熟食中心」食午飯,熟食中心在Royale Bintang 酒店旁邊,前面是金融街Beach Street,匯豐銀行就在街頭,熟食中心內有很多小攤檔,賣的都是地道小吃,我們坐在中央賣飲品的地方旁邊,長長的黑板上列出各款飲品的價錢,很多都是三至四港元一杯,好像謙謙飲的薏米檸檬凍飲,每杯1.6馬幣(一馬幣約值2.5港元),白咖啡兩個馬幣,加冰則要多付三角,拉茶1.4馬幣,熟食中心的格局及運作模式跟新加坡的一樣,食客自己到食檔點菜付鈔後,檔主便會把食物送上,絕不會弄錯。

        必試名物「炒貴刁」
炒貴刁
炒貴刁
        在檳城當然要試試地道名物「炒貴刁」,大大碟賣二十港元,粉炒得香滑,配料甚多,有鮮蝦、芽菜、雞蛋、獅蛤、韭菜、豬油渣和臘腸,用黑豉油和辣醬來調味,香口惹味,飲杯冰凍生啤或薏米檸檬水,感覺超正。

        「福建蝦麵」是當地名食,麵是加了些米粉的黃色油麵,配料有蝦、通菜、芽菜、瘦肉和炸過的葱,最精采是香濃熱辣的蝦湯,用大量蝦殼熬成,鮮甜美味,若仍嫌不夠料的話,可以自行加些魚蛋或燒肉,口感更佳。
「New World Park」的白咖喱麵及蝦麵
「New World Park」的白咖喱麵及蝦麵
        謙謙無雞不歡,親自為我們買來一隻「海南燒雞」和幾碗雞飯,燒雞去了骨,皮香肉滑,蘸些辣醬,好食到飛起。「白咖喱麵」也很精采,熱騰騰白色的湯香辣惹味,配料有豆卜、魷魚和豬紅。另一款值得一試的小吃是「印度炒麵」,配料有愛馬士珠珠最愛的檳城肥而短的芽菜、魷魚、豆腐乾和薯仔,味道不算太辣,香甜多汁。意外驚喜是跟童年時最愛的「蝦米腸粉」重遇,腸粉即叫即蒸,三港元一條,加些芝麻,海鮮醬和辣醬同食,香滑美味,有種回到過去的感覺。鄧名高的至愛是牛肉河粉,內有牛九及牛雜,最精采是用大量牛骨熬成的牛肉湯,鮮甜得難以形容。

        喬治市另一個搵食的好地方是「NewWorld Park Food Court」,據說是大馬富商郭鶴年的物業,樓底甚高,乾淨企理,沒有冷氣也不覺得熱。開業八年,最吸引是在中央的水果甜品檔,擺滿彩色繽紛的水果,好像大樹菠蘿、木瓜、芒果、火龍果、山竹和西瓜,鮮果汁即叫即榨,甜品有太座最愛的紅豆冰和煎蕊,「煎蕊」綠色的粉條是用粘米粉和香蘭葉的汁特製而成,加些刨冰、紅豆、糖漿和鮮椰漿,口感煙韌,香甜味美,兩個馬幣一大碗,是很好的消暑甜品。在炎炎夏日食「紅豆冰」感覺美妙,除了大量刨冰,也有大大粒的紅豆、玉米、豆寇條、涼粉和果凍粒,加上椰漿、花奶和玫瑰糖漿,撈勻來食,甜美非常,太座食得笑逐顏開,有種回到少女時代的感覺!

        「亞參叻沙」香辣刺激
檳城叻沙
檳城叻沙
        「亞參叻沙」是檳城招牌小吃,不能不試,最精采是用魚熬的香甜魚湯,內有瀨粉、魚蛋、煎魚、洋葱、青瓜、生菜、薄荷葉、香茅、辣醬和羅望子,加上紅色蝦膏的獨特香味,香辣刺激,一食鍾情。

        食完粉麵可到附近的「OldTownCoffee」飲杯檳城出名的白咖啡,愛食榴槤的話,過條馬路有兩個賣榴槤的小販攤檔,擺滿貓山王、紅蝦和林鳳嬌(可惜沒有舒淇和周秀娜)等港人至愛的榴槤,我們買了貓山王和最後的一個黑刺,黑刺據說是今年檳城最受歡迎的榴槤品種,底部有條黑刺,打開後香氣逼人,連不食的榴槤的我也被香氣深深吸引,太座食了少許,口感香綿軟滑,最適宜首次食榴槤的初哥,賣七十馬幣,絕對是物超所值,貓山王味道較黑刺香濃,是食慣榴槤人士的至愛,檔主說檳城的榴槤全是樹上熟,熟了會從樹上掉下,不用人手採摘,從來沒有人被掉下的榴槤打中受傷,認真神奇。

        除了榴槤,小販攤檔也有大堆山竹,山竹是果后,自然跟果王榴槤形影不離,檳城的山竹清甜無比,有清熱功效,我們食了兩公斤,不用四十港元,認真抵食!
檳城是覓食的好地方,除了街頭小吃,也有很多食中菜、娘惹菜、海南菜和法國菜的餐廳,在檳城的第二天,中午當地識途老友帶我們到「懷鄉居」食海南菜,餐廳位於喬治布「1926 Heritage Hotel」內,裝修實用簡約,點菜前太座先來杯紅艷迷人的洛神花茶,據說有寧神養氣功效,我則要杯賣8令吉(一令吉約值2.5港元)的貓屎咖啡,比香港便宜得多。

        謙謙無雞不歡,我們為他點了隻「海南雞」和幾碗雞飯,雞是香港食慣的白雞,不是燒雞,雞肉嫩,蘸濃濃的黑豉油來食,美味非常,賣60令吉,認真抵食,切勿走雞!飯充滿雞油香味,最合我意。前菜我們試了「炸春卷」,海鮮則點了「亞參大蝦」和「亞參䱽魚」,亞參大蝦用羅望子醬汁來煮,大海蝦頭內充滿橙紅色蝦羔,香艷動人,蝦肉鮮甜中帶點香酸,惹味非常,每隻8令吉,絕對超值!

        游水䱽魚鮮又平

        馬是食䱽魚好地方,這裏可以找到游水䱽魚,價錢比香港平一大截,我們食的䱽魚重七百毫克,賣105令吉,用亞參汁來煮,配料有毛茄、番茄和洋葱等,鮮酸香辣,魚肉彈牙,食剩的魚汁用來煮米粉,是超級美食,鄧名高食得鹹魚(但要經常飲可樂解渴!),要試試大馬出名的丹努鹹魚。我們點了碟「丹努鹹魚炒飯」,石斑做的鹹魚,味道不太鹹,香味濃郁,用鹹魚蓉、蝦仁、青豆、雞蛋、紅蘿蔔粒來炒的飯,鹹香迷人,很快便被清碟。甜品是「西米布甸」,老闆王永軒親自為布甸淋上棕櫚糖和椰奶,撈勻來食,香甜美味,埋單五百令吉,每人一百港元,絕對是物超所值!

        在喬治市另一處搵食好地方是「老房子海鮮酒家」,位於金巴利街(KimberduStreet)145號,老闆兼大廚是當地拿督陳楚軒,據說他單在金巴利街便擁有二十多個物業,開酒家不是為了賺錢,而是可以親自下廚,表演廚藝。餐廳是間老房子,擺滿價值連城的藝術品,有種進了古玩店的感覺。餐廳沒有菜單,每天中午供應大廚發辦的三菜一湯午餐,每位15令吉,不用四十港元便可食餐飽,比「乜當當」抵食得多!若要食得豪華,記得像我們一樣提早訂房寫菜。

        我們坐在包房,每人先來一盅「佛跳牆」,內有鮑魚、海參、魚翅和瑤柱,真材實料,雞湯鮮甜無比,是拿督不惜工本用二十多隻雞熬成的上湯,食完已經飽了九成,想不到在檳城也可食到如此高檔粵菜,而且便宜得難以置信,跟着食「龍躉頭骨芋頭煲」,太座最愛龍躉骨邊的細肉,我則喜歡炆得夠粉的芋頭,飲杯比利時Hoegaarden啤酒,幸福便是如此簡單。

        豬膶沙律嫩滑香甜

        下一道菜是「咖喱大蝦」,紅色的咖喱汁香辣刺激,用法式麵包索汁來食,比食大蝦更加過癮,食完魚和蝦,跟着食清蒸藍花蟹,蟹不算大隻,但肉味鮮甜,大廚知道我們來自香港,臨時送我們一碟「豬膶沙律」,他用黑豉油來炒黃沙膶,豬膶炒得剛熟,嫩滑香甜,跟沙律一齊食,減低了肥膩感覺,但始終還是灣仔「生記」的豬膶較合我口味。青菜兩款,分別是「菠菜炒蝦乾」及「芽菜仔炒豬油渣及鹹魚蓉」,女士們最愛檳城肥而短的芽菜,香滑爽甜,加上「豬油渣和鹹魚的香味,是不健康的人間美味,一於食完再搵神醫。單尾是大大窩「蝦麵」,麵上鋪滿大海蝦,國內大款一定like爆,湯內有甜豉油,味道酸酸甜甜,很有娘惹風味。如此豐盛午宴,埋單連酒水只需2700港元,每人270港元,在香港單是一盅「佛跳牆」也不止此數!

        檳城也有食高檔法國菜的地方,好像我們入住的E&O酒店的「1885」和MaCalisterMoansion(MM)的「Diningroom」便是當地出名的fine dining餐廳,MM前身是間古老大宅,翻新後變成有八個房的精品酒店,「Diningroom」裝修以白色為主,浪漫迷人,試味晚餐有138和188令吉兩款,我們選了較貴的那款,侍應擔保一小時四十五分一定食完,最終食了差不多三個小時,印象較深的菜是香煎帶子和蝦清湯,用老虎蝦熱的湯內有花膠粒和馬蹄粒,煙韌爽甜兩者兼得,主菜有羊扒、油鴨和雞幾款選擇,都是大路貨色,試過便算,還是街頭的厚多士較為吸引!

        檳城食海鮮地方甚多,好像「北海道」、「海洋青」和「中華樂會」(不用入會,有錢埋單便成!),我們在位於Jalan Began Jermal 的「北海道」食了頓海鮮晚飯,老闆楊英武在海鮮酒家工作二十多年後出來創業,「北海道」地方甚大,裝修普通,楊老闆很有創意,除了設計新菜也從外地引入大閘蟹,象拔蚌和龍蝦等食材,我們坐在貴賓廳房,前菜是一片片雪白的椰子肉,蘸山葵豉油來食,鹹甜香辣盡在口中,有種食刺身的感覺。跟着食炸荔枝和珊瑚草,後者是來自沙巴的海草,以柚子汁調味,清新芳香,醒神開胃。
黑胡椒炒蟹
黑胡椒炒蟹
「北海道」的芝士炒龍蝦
北海道」的芝士炒龍蝦
        海鮮款式甚多,我們先食「老虎蝦」和「象拔蚌」,老虎蝦生食最鮮甜,白灼象拔蚌則無甚特別,愛馬士珠珠的最愛是「黑胡椒炒蟹」,蟹肉鮮甜,香辣刺激,惹味動人,跟冰凍啤酒是最佳拍檔。我們也試了「雞油花雕蒸花蟹」,花蟹較瘦,但勝在鮮甜,意外驚喜是招牌菜「芝士炒龍蝦」,芝士焗龍蝦食得多,炒龍蝦則從未試過,上菜才知這是用卡夫芝士煮溶後來炒龍蝦,龍蝦香滑,充滿芝士香濃味道,口感甚佳,飲杯冰凍啤酒,人人讚好!
一魚兩味——下面煎得金黃
一魚兩味——下面煎得金黃
        
一魚兩味——上面清蒸
一魚兩味——上面清蒸
一魚兩食——炒球及炸骨
一魚兩食——炒球及炸骨
是夜眾人至愛是條重一公斤的大鷹䱽,上面清蒸,下面則煎得金黃香脆,一條魚兩種做法,甚有新意,很快便連骨食埋,還要即時追加一條,今次食的是一魚兩味,分別是炒魚球及炸魚骨,魚球味道鮮甜香滑,魚骨炸得香脆金黃,太座邊食邊讚,埋單四千港元,每人四百,食得人人心滿意足,認真抵食!

檳城小吃多滋味

一年一度的檳城榴蓮團,今年已經是第三年了。檳城的朋友問,年年來不厭嗎?檳城是時光隧道,最好玩的地方就是穿梭時空,把生活帶到從前去,而在時光之旅中,最簡單的是嘗味,以味道來懷舊!
回味舊時光
喬治城(George Town),按英國皇帝喬治而命名,是檳城最古老的靜土,當地人的生活彷彿停頓在舊時光裏。
Eastern & Oriental Hotel是英國殖民輝煌時代的老建築,與新加坡的萊佛士(Raffles)、仰光的The Strand齊名。酒店由Sarkies兄弟打造,是極具氣派的一所老酒店。去年酒店只有舊翼,今年來到時,新翼建成了,比舊樓高一倍,可看海岸風光!
「掃街式搵食」是檳城尋味最好玩的地方。無招牌板凳粥檔在頭條路上,賣的是潮汕清粥配古早味小菜。店舖早上十一時開始營業,賣光了就沒有。
至於要找檳城最具代表性的口味,阿參叻沙、炒粿條與福建蝦麵都有名。
檳城美食雜誌社老友是專家,一提到檳城美食,就如數家珍,那家叻沙好,那家炒粿香,他十分清楚。傳統福建蝦麵味道要重蝦味,也要注意上湯香;炒粿要小碟小碟做,即炒即吃才夠惹味!早期來檳城探路,就是這樣由老友帶路,一家家去找,去吸取味之精華。
福建蝦麵以崔耀才路橋頭上小店吃到的福建蝦麵最正宗。馬來華人熱情,味道也分明,橋頭上老伯伯賣蝦麵,用的是真材實料,價錢卻不貴!折合約十多港元,有蝦米、肉絲材料一大堆,橋頭福建蝦麵賣點是料多味足。馬來西亞的香辣味道所以不一樣,主要是參寶辣椒醬Smabal加進的香味,這個用乾葱頭、辣椒、蝦米爆炒的參寶辣椒醬,是香辣美味之源。
冠軍級美食
與福建蝦麵相近,味道又不一樣的白咖喱也是檳城之寶。即食麵按其口味做,今年拿了個世界冠軍。檳城人愛加米線,配上油麵同吃,落單時要叫句「摻摻」,那麵條、米線同放湯一浸,咖喱色黃湯就會變紅起紅油,很神奇,像變魔術!
檳城人做小吃,做得極專注,只要做得好,即使沒有座位,你開車也會來到小攤檔吃。林氏姊妹在吉靈萬山市場上擺檔,一堆炭火,加個上湯鍋,風雨不改地做生意,已由小女變成今日的老婆婆。阿參叻沙,論名氣,旅遊點極樂寺腳下的叻沙排檔,銷量排第一。個人更愛在流浮山背華人區的味道,香、辣、鹹、甜中加上了羅望子汁,增加了酸苦味,在北馬地區最流行。
檳城炒貴刁會噴煙,香味就在舊城大街上。「貴刁」是潮州話粿條,用的是黑醬油,加葱、蝦爆炒,再放參寶辣椒醬。在香港可以買齊材料,但味道就是不一樣!
檳城小店致勝的秘密口訣是耐性,十元八塊的價位,費心又費力!
其實很多口味東西,香港早已無人經營了,難得在檳城還可以找到,大家說要不要多加一個Like?

秋天「養生秘法」──少吃薑

唐代名醫孫思邈曾說:「八九月(農曆)多食薑,至春多患眼,損壽減筋力。」即認為秋季食薑多,會傷眼損壽等。而民間也有「一年之內,秋不食薑;一日之內,夜不食薑」、「秋薑夭人天年」之說。
這是因為秋季氣候乾燥,燥氣傷肺,而生薑性味辛溫,辛入肺,容易傷害肺部,久服易傷陰動火,導致人體出現咳嗽、咽喉腫痛等症狀,加劇人體失水、乾燥,並加重秋燥對人體的損害,如鼻乾咽燥、口乾渴。中國自古有「薑治百病」之說,但今年的立秋(8月7日)已過,民間有「秋不食薑」的說法,筆者更總結了「七類人」秋天宜少食薑,甚至不宜吃薑。如下:
「七類人」宜少食薑
一、胃熱者:中醫認為,過量食用煎炒燥熱的食物,會出現口渴、口苦、口臭、口乾、口腔糜爛、牙齦腫痛、咽乾、小便短赤、大便秘結等症狀,即是胃受了熱邪。由於生薑性溫,胃熱者食薑後會加重原症狀,故不宜食用。二、內熱較重者:肺熱燥咳、口臭、痔瘡出血、痛瘡潰爛等症狀,即為內熱較重,不宜食用生薑。若必要食薑,則需配伍寒涼藥物,以中和生薑的熱性。三、陰虛體質者:陰虛即燥熱,其主要表現為手腳心發熱、手心常出汗、常口乾、眼乾、鼻乾、皮膚乾、心煩易怒、睡眠不好等。中醫認為,薑性辛溫,辛味耗氣傷陰,故陰虛之人吃薑,會加重陰虛症狀。四、肝炎病人:中醫認為,食薑會引起肝火旺盛,故肝炎病忌吃薑。若要食薑,可搭配紓肝、理氣的食物,如山楂、菊花等,可中和因食薑引起的燥熱。五、脫髮者:中醫認為頭髮與腎密切相關。老年人腎精不足,腎陰虧虛,頭髮得不到充分的滋養,即會脫髮,而生薑性溫,脫髮之人常大量食用,會加重腎陰虛,進而使脫髮更為嚴重。六、常喝酒者:在日常生活中,常有人喜歡在酒裏放薑飲用,薑、酒同屬熱性,這容易導致體內形成積熱,會使眼部出現問題,還會加重痔瘡等病患。七、眩暈耳鳴者:眩暈耳鳴多是由肝火過旺所致,有此症狀者原本就陽火亢盛,若過多吃薑,會加重病情。
「爛薑有毒」不能吃
此外,辣椒、花椒、桂皮、生薑、葱、酒等,均屬熱性食品,秋季常過量食用,亦是可加重秋燥對人體的傷害。而民間有「十月生薑小人參」之說,故冬季可適量食薑。
但筆者認為,「秋不食薑」之說,主意為在秋天不要天天吃較多的薑,或在天天的餸菜裏放入大量的薑,但在正常烹調大寒食物時,諸如魚、蟹、蔬菜等,也應適量加點薑絲作調味、去毒或袪寒之用。但對於體質偏寒之人,如常感到全身怕冷、手腳冰涼、怕食生冷、嘔吐清涎等,以及虛寒體質「寒證」患者,中醫認為,「寒者熱之」,秋季少少地食點薑,可起到溫肺暖胃、散寒止咳的作用。因生薑含有揮發油、薑辣素(Gingerol)、薑酚(Zingerol)等,能加速血液循環,刺激胃液分泌、促進消化等,體寒之人食薑,對健康極為有利。
常有人認為:「爛薑不爛味」,故仍可食用。但筆者強調,這如同吃「長芽的土豆」一樣不利。「爛薑」和「長芽的土豆」內已生毒素,絕對不能食用。何解?現代醫學認為,過量食薑可能會致癌,尤其是壞薑。食薑過多,會導致胃酸分泌過多和胃脹氣,引起頭痛、噁心、嘔吐、呼吸困難、甚至影響肝、腎功能等。美國食品藥品監督管理局(FDA)的研究顯示,爛薑中的黃樟素(Safrole)可引發肝癌,其實驗中,在小鼠飼料加入0.04%至1%的黃樟素,歷時一百五十天到兩年,即誘導小鼠產生肝癌。故薑不宜常過量食,更不宜食爛薑。

2014年8月26日 星期二

情緒食物Mood Food:好早餐VS壞早餐

你是否察覺有時候早上的情緒非常惡劣並易發火?這不是別人惹你生氣或同事搬弄是非,也不是上司批評你,而是你的早餐吃得不恰當。美國人將這種心緒稱為「hangry」,是介於饑餓和惱火(hungry and angry)之間的化合性情緒。

  正確的早餐能幫你的身體釋放出幸福激素,並由此來預防產生壞情緒。你是否知道情緒食物(Mood Food)的奇效?它們能迅速地向身體提供能量並緩解導致你緊張和壓力的因素。儘管食物本身有各種功效,但是最重要的是要善於進行食物搭配,如單吃酸奶不能成為你的身體幸福傳遞者,而最簡單的抵抗壞情緒的營養搭配公式是:蛋白質+碳水化合物。

  影響情緒的食物可劃分為五大類:

  a.興奮性食品(如酸奶、核桃);

  b.鎮定性食品(如魚、香蕉、無花果);

  c.協調平衡性食品(如海藻、生辣椒);

  d.緩解壓力食品(富含維生素C的食物,如鮮棗、獼猴桃、橘子、橙子、蘆筍、花椰菜);

  e.傳遞幸福感的食品(如巧克力)。

好早餐有哪些


  ●全麥麵包促進腦力提高和記憶力,它所含的維生素B能夠為你營造好情緒。

  ●生柿子椒富含維生素C和辣椒素(capsaicin),生吃柿子椒可以釋放出幸福激素。

  ●香蕉混合麥片糊含豐富的維生素和碳水化合物,可以為人體提供充足的能量並營造良好情緒。

  ●碘可以增強注意力和提高智商。因此,早餐食用麵包應撒一點點碘鹽。

  ●咖啡能提高快樂信息素血清素水平(serotonin),改善短期記憶力和視力。

壞早餐有哪些

  白麵包是壞情緒的致因,它會令人疲乏和懶散。因此早餐切勿食用土司、硬面包和小麥麵包。

  早餐食用香腸除了油膩之外,對它的消化需要消耗許多能量,從而使人感到疲憊無力和情緒變化無常。

  櫻桃富含褪黑激素(melatonin),會令人感到疲倦。

早餐減壓

  上班族上午10點鐘或下午三四點鐘的減壓最佳零食是吃3~5個鮮棗(切勿空腹吃)。這是因為鮮棗含有豐富的維生素C,能協助分泌腎上腺皮質素。這種激素在人面臨壓力時,會自動分泌腎上皮激素,以應付環境壓力的挑戰。

早餐4大誤傳

  1.早餐飲牛奶,痰就增多。

  科學答案:不對!對此,迄今研究從未能予以證實。凡相信飲牛奶痰多的人,常描述為口和喉嚨中感到有一「薄膜」。但這也許僅是牛奶典型的口感:容易在口中產生「油膩」感。

  2.不吃早餐,就會低血糖。

  科學答案:早上,當人體的碳水化合物存儲量虧空時,就會從脂肪和蛋白質的儲備中生成葡萄糖(所有細胞的主要能源),以此平衡身體的低血糖水平。

  3.早餐水果吃得多,身體就會含酸過度。

  科學答案:食物在消化時既不會產生酸,也不會產生堿(如水果和蔬菜)。水果即使吃起來有酸味,也不會使身體含酸過度!

  4.冷飲料有害健康。

  科學回答:進入口腔和食道的冷飲料能使身體體溫上升。但易患胃灼痛的人,應避免食用過於冰冷的食品。

醫聖「治便秘奇方」——蜂蜜條

中秋將至,秋季養生當吃蜂蜜,但有四類人忌食。此外,今期一揭醫聖張仲景用蜂蜜治便秘之奇方。

東漢名醫張仲景,有「醫中之聖,方中之祖」之稱,據史載,他曾師從同鄉張伯祖學醫,在其學醫期間,有一個「熱邪傷津,體虛便秘」的病人,由於病人體虛,無法使用藥性強烈的瀉藥,張伯祖對其束手無策。而張仲景則想到一個妙方,他將蜂蜜熬成黏稠狀,待其變涼,再將其捏成細條形,將尖的一端塞進病人的肛門,過了一會兒,病人便拉出一大堆腥臭的糞便,不久病人便康復了。此方記載在張仲景的《傷寒雜病論》中,名為「蜜煎導方」。

便秘多因體內上火、津液耗竭、大便乾澀等原因所致。由於大便乾結,排便時會使肛門受創,如肛裂、痔瘡、出血等,故需及時調治。張仲景發明的「蜜煎導方」,在其著作《傷寒雜病論》中原載如下:「蜜七合一味,內銅器中,微火煎之,稍凝似飴狀,攪之勿令焦着,欲可丸,併手指作挺,令頭銳,大如指,長二寸許,當熱時急作,冷則硬,以納穀道中,以手急抱,欲大便時乃去之。」即取250克左右的蜂蜜,放入鍋中火熬煮,並不停攪拌,以免焦糊,熬成黏稠狀,待涼,用手將其捏成如手指粗的條狀,一頭呈尖狀,長約3至5厘米,放入便秘患者的肛門中,有便意時,取出。

筆者曾驗證此奇方多年,發覺真有奇效,便給它起了一個現代名字為「蜂蜜條」。其原理是與現代的「甘油栓通便法」類似,將熬製已涼後的「蜂蜜條」塞入肛門後,其遇到人體體溫後,表面會軟化,刺激到腸黏膜中的神經末梢,作出反射性等的排便。由於老年人本身陽氣虛弱,若長期使用現代灌腸藥物,會大損其陽氣,而便秘患者間中用「蜂蜜條」,相對來說少有此弊端及少有其他副作用。但此仍迫不得已之法,用此奇方前,必先諮詢醫師。

「四類人」忌食蜂蜜

蜂蜜自古是養生家最為推崇的食物之一,一般情況下,食用蜂蜜可早晚各一次,或飯前一至一小時半、飯後兩至三小時服用,以避免刺激腸胃,每天25至50克。很多人在服用蜂蜜時用熱水沖服,其實這種方法是錯誤的。由於蜂蜜中的生物活性酶,在高溫下易被破壞,故不宜用剛煮滾的攝氏100度熱開水沖服,宜待其降溫後,用不超過60度的溫開水沖服,也可把蜂蜜摻入低於60度的牛奶中飲用。

以下情況絕對不能飲用蜂蜜,否則會使蜂蜜成為「奪命符」:

一、肝硬化患者:雖然蜂蜜提供的單糖不需肝臟分解合成,可降低肝臟的負擔,但是蜂蜜會加重肝臟的纖維化, 故肝硬化患者卻不宜。

二、糖尿病人:每百克蜂蜜碳水化合物中,含葡萄糖(Glucose)約35克、果糖(Fructose)約40克、蔗糖(Sucrose)約2克、糊精(Dextrin)約1克。葡萄糖和果糖均為單糖,進入腸道後毋須消化可直接被吸收入血液中,使血糖升高,蔗糖和糊精略經水解後即可被吸收,因此,蜂蜜的升血糖作用特別明顯,故糖尿病人不宜服用。

三、感冒患者:感冒多半會咳嗽,蜂蜜有止咳作用,於是很多人感冒時會喝蜂蜜緩解咳嗽症狀。蜂蜜具潤肺止咳的作用,適用於肺燥咳嗽。如咳嗽少痰,或痰少而黏,或乾咳無痰,可喝蜂蜜水。但感冒引起的咳嗽,多為外感所致,不宜滋補,故最好感冒期間不要服用蜂蜜。

四、未滿一歲的嬰兒:一歲以內嬰幼兒腸胃功能較弱,肝臟解毒功能又差,蜂蜜會有肉毒桿菌孢子(Botulinum Spores),可使嬰兒肌肉癱瘓,故不適合食用蜂蜜。1歲以上的幼兒也要慎重食用。此外,蜂蜜忌與茶、大米、蒜、葱、韭菜、豆腐、鯽魚、螃蟹、李子、萵筍等同食,以免產生對人體有害的物質。

2014年8月23日 星期六

愛忘憂:金峰玉露燕雙飛LOVE at High Altitude

事前做足功夫,大費周章才來到尼泊爾,沒理由就因一時顧慮而臨陣退縮。人一世,草木一秋,不親眼看珠峰,誓不歸。我說要是死的話,死在一起也不錯,If we die, we die together。
花都夢圓 靈光初現
十多二十年前,我和太太是巴黎的常客。我倆喜歡住在第八區 Rue Pasquier 的一家酒店,由那裡徒步到 Rue Royale, Place Vendome, Rue Faubourg St Honore 才五分鐘,陪太太購物,牽手到附近的 Lucas Carton, Carre des Feuillants, Ritz 酒店用餐。回想起來,是段如花似夢,快樂似雲上天堂的日子。
結婚時,在 Place Vendome 的 Van Cleef & Arpels 選了一枚鑲襯珍珠的鑽石指環給她。造形纖巧,帶一抹東方美態, 獨特處是它內圈的編號是001,在將來,到永遠,她都是我獨特的第一。店員說到這兒,我想也不想便買下了。
遇上真正物有所值的東西,有需要又非負擔不起,還諸多考慮,回頭再尋,即使未至於朝花夕拾,徒呼奈何,我自覺也會為店家見笑。
步出店門,遮陽帳篷下是燦爛歡顏,她笑得開心極了,我想起信用卡公司廣告說的 「此刻無價」,真說到心裏去了。
那時,我倆都愛吃,曾在一天內吃了六顆米芝蓮星,直至晚飯末段,也不無勉力而為之感。有回在六月天,在經常光顧的 Lucas Carton, 太太一口氣點了她最愛的兩道名菜,白菜蒸鴨肝和兔肉鵝肝餡餅。侍應輕輕提醒,兩道菜都有肥肝, 太太斷言沒有問題。
餐後,如常在 Faubourg St Honore 散步,她開始感覺胸口作悶,要找家酒吧稍息。最後,還不免「獲利回吐」,才得自在。她才領悟剛才侍應提點,明白夏日不宜過多肥肝。她說:「食唔落,真係唔好夾硬嚟!」她的靈性之光,大概在那一刻生起。
高山仰止 又喜又驚
太太近年愛看高山, 之前宏願是坐直升機到喜馬拉雅山⋯.腳。到過北非對出,西班牙屬土 Tenerife 島上,海拔三千七百米高的El Teide 火山後,我們決定一步登天,坐飛機去看額菲爾士峰。
當行程準備得八八九九,開始查看觀峰航班時,發現兩個月前才有一架飛機在觀峰後回程時在加德滿都郊區墮落。再看下去,前一年又有一宗墮機事件。尼泊爾的航空安全紀錄, 看來風險與山高等量齊觀。
我一向本著生死有命,富貴由天,但顧慮較多的她知道後, 馬上叫暫停,要待到達當地後,才再聆聽內心的呼喚。
為作補償,我特別加插了一趟往遠足休閒勝地 Pokhara 的預演定驚行程。雖然也要坐飛機,但此航線好像從沒有罹難意外,而且網客說窗外也能瞥見喜馬拉雅山脈,是個「減甜」的觀峰航班。
坐港龍航空到達加德滿都時,已是晚上十一時多,為免在計程車上再生枝節,逕自到機場內的櫃枱召車。司機領我們到門外,見到一輛比經典「迷李」還要小一號的破車,車身上塗了一些五彩的圖案,沒有完好油漆。元朗劏車場的廢棄車也比它好十倍。
瞥見不遠處的計程車,明顯比這車新淨。我笑問司機:「就是這輛?」,他亦笑著回答:「正是。」旁邊坐在候車圍欄上的兩個小夥子齊笑說:"Welcome to your beautiful car "。
既來之,則安之,我們笑看着司機把行李箱放進只能容下它一半的車尾。關不上的車窗,十二月半夜七八度的寒風,吹得我格外清明,夾雜著廢氣喉噴出來未盡燃的汽油味,居然有一種兩極共存,清中有濁,濁中有清之感。
坐上這輛「鬼馬神仙車」,太太雖然有點抱怨,但大家都打從懷裡笑個不停。反正入住的 Hyatt Regency酒店距離機場不遠,就當是體驗一趟奇幻過山車罷。
到達酒店,打賞了給我們難忘經歷的司機後,匆匆下車,門僮看見我們的座駕,神情有點兒意外,要是他看見行李箱上的商務客艙籤條,我想他會更驚詫。
蝴蝶穿花 世外桃源
太太的鼻子特別靈敏,丁點兒汚濁氣味也受不了。以往到泰國、越南等地方,她也有不快時刻,只不過有其他的好處補償。這次來尼泊爾,一心是只為了看山,不是古蹟文物。酒店有定時專車往加德滿都市中心,但要到古蹟所在的 Durbar Square 還需要一段行程。甫下車不久,她已說不宜在室外久留。
於是在附近找了一家在旅客文章中見過叫An An 的西藏菜館,要爬幾級樓梯,樓上雅座沒兩桌人客,也頗清雅。尼泊爾菜除了受印度影響,有咖哩食制外,也有甚多西藏菜影子,最盛行吃像餃子的饃饃,當地叫Momo, 饀料可以是羊、雞、雜菜等。
點了饃饃、炒飯、炒雜菜,連飲品共七項,才七百盧比不到,約港幣六十多元,可能是半生旅行中最便宜一頓。食味沒有大期望,自然沒有失望,十分中規中矩。
飯後打的回府,酒店擁有一個面積十多公頃的花園,是汚染的加德滿都中的世外桃源。聖誕時節,白天氣溫仍可以達十多二十度,仍有蝴蝶在飛舞。說來,尼泊爾獨特的地理位置,在一百五十公里的南北度內,由海拔六十米陡升到世界最高點,海拔8848 米的額菲爾士峰(中國稱珠穆朗瑪,尼泊爾叫 Sagarmatha),令它成為世界上生物種類最多樣化的國度之一。全世界十五個蝴蝶科中,這裡可以找到十一個, 超過五百多種。
在花園散過步,就已經到了Regency Club Lounge 的下午輕食時段。這兒的葡萄酒理想,小食精緻,沒有煙肉香腸,代之的是堅果、乳酪、放在白色小匙上的小點。這兒應該是我到過 Hyatt 的貴賓樓層中,最舒適、食物飲料最有水準之一。到了五十之年,晚飯其實已不需要吃太多,最好的是她亦有同感, 兩人輕酌美酒,看著夜色逐漸降臨,窗外的白鴿雙飛屋簷下。想到晏幾道的詞,「落花人獨立,微雨燕雙飛」。
金峰玉露 魚尾輕舞
我們提早到機場去乘 Pokhara 的航班,為了拿到右面第一二排的座位,因為是由東往西飛,右方才看到北部的高山。如願已償,起飛未幾,她已望着窗外連綿的白色雪山興奮入迷。
Pohkara 海拔一千多米,遠離城市塵埃,空氣格外清新,是熱門的毅行遠足觀山之地。有一大湖,沿湖盡是食肆酒吧旅館手工藝品衣飾店,雖則如此,但絲毫未染芭提雅式惡俗, 甚至被譽為「最浪漫的蜜月地點」。
僱一小舟,泛舟湖中,湖光山色,乘著滑翔降落傘的人兒跟鳥兒在雲上空中共舞,一刻明白這兒浪漫之處。
我們只停一晚,旅館主人也感奇怪。來此,不為毅行,而是凌晨到Sarangkot 山頭,較近距離看共七個近七千到近八千米的 Annapurna 群峰。除了最近的世界盃,我們從沒有凌晨四時多就起來。四周漆黑,空氣中帶著露水,還要爬五百米的陂。當然,當親眼看到第一道曙光照在最搶鏡,陡峭有如金字塔的 Machhapuchhre (6997 m) 峰頂時,一切辛勞也覺絕對值得。這峰又稱Fishtail,看它外形就明白,雖不是最高,至今仍未有人能征服。金光燦爛的魚尾,她開心得在底下手舞足蹈。真個金「峰」玉露相逢,勝卻人間無數。
If we die, we die together
翌日回程,我說只剩一個問題,to fly or not to fly? 經過可望而不可即的偷歡,我知道誰也想更進一步。她說:「決定不了, 你來定奪。」事前做足功夫,大費周章才來到尼泊爾,沒理由就因一時顧慮而臨陣退縮。人一世,草木一秋,不親眼看珠峰,誓不歸。我說要是死的話,死在一起也不錯,If we die, we die together。當下她說:「馬上訂票,不要讓我改主意」。
替我訂過機票的Malla 叫我們乘Guna 航空,規模是最出名的 Buddha Air 之後。他說飛機是最新買進,且 Buddha 的早航班已滿。我看過資料說最好是在七時或以前出發,太陽昇起,雲層就會阻礙視野。況且,早前失事的正是 Buddha Air 。
到達機場待七時的航班,才傳來因天氣欠佳暫延的廣播,一個小時後才讓我們乘車到跑道旁等待,又等半小時,差不多可上機時,一位曰本年輕男士看似甚緊張,要上廁所,於是再等二十分鐘。飛機起飛時,已是九時多,機上十四人中,另有北京長者五人,連我倆佔了半數,也算體現了強國崛起。
飛機離地後,一切已是定局,儘管享受吧。有點意外地,空姐讓乘客輪流進入駕駛室觀光,我坐得較後,剛好是飛機直望珠峰的一刻,機長手指口述,Everest,Everest, Lhotse, Lhotse ( 洛子峰,8516 m) 。我馬上連按快門,攝下人生一刻。
降落後,乘客都獲授証書,証明曾經歷了 Once in a lifetime 的珠峰飛航。我們好好的保存這証書,因為曾經搵命搏,也見證了我們的 「飛」一般感情。
P.S. 謹以此文送給Melanie,在尼泊爾遇到的所有善人及汽車,群峰上神明。
文:簡國慧 圖:Keith Kan、Hyatt Regency Kathmandu

20 PLACES TO SEE ABROAD BEFORE YOU DIE

It’s a big world out there—so big that it can be daunting to decide what international destinations to visit in the course of a lifetime. From natural wonders to man-made masterpieces, from wildlife to cityscapes, the choices are seemingly endless. Don’t let indecision get you down, or worse, delay the planning of your next trip. We’ve whittled it down to 20 amazing places to see abroad before you die. Pick one or pick them all—you can’t go wrong.

RIO DE JANEIRO

Where: Brazil
Known as the Cidade Maravilhosa, or the Marvelous City, Rio de Janeiro has more than 20 beaches and many dramatic landmarks, including the much-photographed Christ the Redeemer statue that overlooks the city. The thriving metropolitan area, with its exceptional architecture, museums, galleries, and restaurants, sits on the magnificent Guanabara Bay against a rugged backdrop of forested mountains, making for one of the most stunning settings in the world.
Insider Tip: Rio de Janeiro’s annual Carnivalis world-famous, and it’s not just hype. Imagine 2 million people partying to samba music over five days of debauchery. But regardless of whether you visit during the festival, the spirit of the exuberant Carioca people is evident year-round.

MACHU PICCHU

Where: Peru
The Lost City of the Incas is perched on the edge of a mountain high in the Andes, a location so remote that it remained hidden from ravaging conquistadors and untouched by the 20th century until it was “discovered” in 1911. Machu Picchu is a wonder on many levels, from its awe-inspiring natural splendor to its fascinating history. Visitors can do a multi-day trek to reach the site, or ride a bus up a winding road.
Insider Tip: Soaring more than 1,100 feet above Machu Picchu is a sharp mountain known as Wayna Picchu. The challenging one-hour walk up the steep summit—believed to be the former residence of the Incan high priest—affords a rare view of Machu Picchu from on high. Purchase an advance ticket and show up early; only 400 people are permitted on Wayna Picchu each day.

GALÁPAGOS ISLANDS

Where: Ecuador
Located 575 miles off the coast of Ecuador, the Galápagos archipelago and its surrounding waters are a national park, a biological marine preserve, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The area’s raw beauty and abundance of unique species, like the giant tortoise, make it a nature lover’s dream. Charles Darwin conducted research here in the early 1830s that contributed to his theory of evolution and his groundbreaking book, On the Origin of Species.
Insider Tip: Galápagos travel has traditionally taken place aboard small cruise ships that travel from island to island. In 2007, an outfitter named Red Mangrove built an eco-lodge on the island of Santa Cruz, and pioneered land-based tours. Since then, Red Mangrove has expanded to include the islands of Floreana and Isabela, offering multi-island Galápagos tours and eliminating the need to sleep on a boat.

TORRES DEL PAINE NATIONAL PARK

Where: Chile
There are more sheep than people in the Magallanes Region of Chilean Patagonia—one of many factors that make Torres del Paine National Park so fascinating. Here, the granite spires of the Paine massif tower over emerald green valleys, churning rivers, glassy blue lakes, glaciers, and icebergs. Adding to the mystique, this dreamscape is one of the most inhospitable places on the planet, with winds that can knock a grown man to the ground. Visit in January or February; the weather is too extreme any other time.
Insider Tip: While there are many trails in the park appropriate for day hikes, Torres del Paine was designed for multi-day circuit treks, with refugios—European-style cabins offering a bed, meals, and a hot shower—dotting the trails. The three-day 'W' route is one of the most spectacular hikes in the world.

ICELAND

Where: Iceland
There’s simply no place else on earth likeIceland. From waterfalls to active volcanoes, from glaciers to hot springs, the Land of Fire and Ice is a study in extremes. The country is such a visual spectacle that it’s hard to decide where to begin. Fortunately, Iceland also knows how to cater to tourists. Base yourself out of Reykjavik, the quirky capital city, where a host of reputable outfitters like Arctic Adventures offer excursions ranging from scenic horseback rides to extreme ice climbing, and everything in between.
Insider Tip: Iceland straddles the spot where the North American and Eurasian tectonic plates converge. About an hour outside of Reykjavik lies Silfra, a glacier-fed fissure between the plates with a water temperature that hovers just above freezing. Intrepid travelers can don a dry suit and snorkel and swim across it. The water is believed to be among the clearest on the planet, with 50 meters of visibility.

PARIS

Where: France
The Eiffel TowerCathedral of Notre Dame,LouvreChamps-Elysees, and Arc de TriompheParis is like a living museum of architecture and history. Add in the world-class dining, gallery-hopping, and shopping, not to mention the je ne sais quoi of the Parisian personality, and the City of Lights is a simply mesmerizing cultural experience.
Insider Tip: Don’t even think about driving in Paris. The rapid transit system—the Métropolitain or Métro—is one of the densest on the planet with more than 300 stations. Plus, riding the Métro is an authentic Parisian experience, as much as visiting the city’s famous sites.

ROME

Where: Italy
Cities don’t get more epic than Rome. The Eternal City, founded in 753 B.C., is one of the oldest occupied cities in Europe and widely regarded as the birthplace of Western civilization. This is the center of Renaissance art and religious opulence. Sites like theVatican’s Sistine Chapel and the Colosseumare among the most visited tourist attractions on Earth. For most people it’s not a question of whether or not to visit Rome, but rather, when. The answer: as soon as you can.
Insider Tip: There will always be tourists in Rome. And as Italy’s capital and largest city, it’s never tranquil. Surprisingly, the crowds don’t deter from the spine-shivering wonder of the city’s magnificent sites. In fact, they seem to enhance it. Viva Roma!

MARRAKESH

Where: Morocco
Perhaps the most exotic city on the planet,Marrakesh began as a trading post along the ancient caravan routes from Timbuktu. It remains a shopping mecca, and the city’s main square, Djemâa el Fna, is regarded as the busiest in Africa. The intoxicating experience of turbaned arts and craft sellers at every turn, careening donkey carts, and smiling snake charmers is unforgettable.
Insider Tip: At Medina, Marrakesh’s charmingly narrowed-alley commercial center (and UNESCO World Heritage Site), vendors jack up prices for tourists by as much as two-thirds. A little good-natured haggling will go a long way.

SERENGETI NATIONAL PARK

Where: Tanzania
There are few wildlife experiences as awe-inspiring as the Great Migration, when 1.5 million wildebeests, accompanied by 400,000 gazelles and 200,000 zebra, move throughout the Serengeti ecosystem. There is no better time to go on a safari in Serengeti National Park, which also has the highest concentration of large mammals on the planet, particularly lions.
Insider Tip: The migration pattern isn’t complicated, the wildebeests move from the northern hills to the southern plains for the short rains in October and November, and then back north (and a bit west) after the long rains in April, May, and June. Still, it’s best to work with a safari outfitter who can ensure you don’t miss a thing, and will get you glimpses of the Big Five (lion, African elephant, Cape buffalo, leopard, and rhinoceros).

VICTORIA FALLS

Where: Zambia/Zimbabwe
Victoria Falls, or Mosi-oa-Tunya, its indigenous name meaning “smoke that thunders,” is neither the tallest nor the widest waterfall on the planet. But its combined height and width make it the largest—an enormous sheet of falling water twice the height of Niagara Falls. The falls can be viewed from either the Zambian or the Zimbabwean side, with the Zimbabwean regarded as the more picturesque.
Insider Tip: The Victoria Falls Bridge connecting Zambia and Zimbabwe offers daredevils a thrill. Sign up with Victoria Falls Bungee to zip line across it, bungee jump from it, or leap off it attached to a rope that swings out over the Zambezi River.

GIZA

Where: Egypt
A large suburb of Cairo, Giza is the location of the Giza Plateau, better known as the home of the Giza Pyramids and the Great Sphinx—the most famous archeological sites in the world. The Great Pyramid, one of three main pyramids located at Giza, is one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World—the only one that has survived to present day. It was built in the 4th Dynasty (circa 2550 B.C.) and was the tallest building on earth until the Eiffel Tower was erected in 1889.
Insider Tip: In the aftermath of the Arab Spring, Egypt isn’t the place for DIY travel. For the most comfortable experience, plan to visit as part of a tour group. Giza is typically done as part of a CairoLuxorAswan trip along the Nile River, which makes for spectacular sightseeing and hits the best of the ancient pyramids, temples, and tombs.

JERUSALEM

Where: Israel
One of the oldest cities in the world,Jerusalem is also perhaps the most divine—literally. The three major Abrahamic religions—Judaism, Christianity, and Islam—consider it holy. On the east end of town, the Old City is the religious and historic highlight. This walled area of cobblestone alleys is smaller than half a square mile, but packed with major sites like the Western WallTemple Mount, and theChurch of the Holy Sepulcher, as well as boutiques and markets representing the four quarters: Jewish, Muslim, Christian, and Armenian.
Insider Tip: Jerusalem has a thriving art and culture scene, most notably the Israel Museum, a 20-acre complex of exhibits and collections featuring Judaica, Israeli, and European art, plus archaeological findings. The Dead Sea Scrolls, discovered in the mid-20th century in caves near the Dead Sea, are housed here.

PETRA

Where: Jordan
Jordan’s most popular tourist attraction, Petrameans “rock” in Greek. Built in the first century B.C., the city appears to spring from the very cliffs that surround it, a marvel of rock-cut architecture and mystery. The ancient city did not even appear on Western maps until it was re-discovered in 1812 by a Swiss traveler. Today, tourists are free to stroll Petra’s boulevards and explore its mesmerizing tombs and archeological sites.
Insider Tip: The Jordanian Department of Antiquities restored an ancient flight of stairs cut into the rock that leads to the top of Jabal Madhbah, the “mount of the altar.” Besides the interesting remains at the summit (a Roman dining room and sacrificial alter), the site affords incredible views of Petra below.

ISTANBUL

Where: Turkey
It’s hard to top Istanbul for history, culture, and lore. The city formerly known as Constantinople is located along the Silk Roadand straddles two continents. It has hosted many great civilizations, serving as the capital of four empires: Roman (330–395), Byzantine (395–1204 and 1261–1453), Latin (1204–1261), and Ottoman (1453–1922). Today it’s a thriving cosmopolitan metropolis that juxtaposes old and new.
Insider Tip: With more than 14 million residents and an area that spans both Europe and Asia for over 2,000 square miles, Istanbul is huge. You could spend a lifetime exploring the city and still only scratch the surface. Don’t miss Hagia Sophia: Once a church, then a mosque, and now a museum, this great architectural beauty is timeless, and a metaphor for the city itself.

TAJ MAHAL

Where: India
The awe-inspiring Taj Mahal is the world’s most famous monument in honor of love. The white marble mausoleum was built sometime in the mid-1600s by emperor Shah Jahan in remembrance of his wife Mumtaz, a Persian princess. Located just south of the city ofAgra, the Taj Mahal remains one of the world’s finest examples of Mughal style—an elegant combination of Persian, Islamic, and Indian architecture. The interior is even more beautiful than the exterior, if that’s possible.
Insider Tip: The Taj Mahal is often mistaken as the domed building seen in photos. In reality, there’s an entire complex beyond the main domed building (which served as the tomb), with expansive gardens, a mosque, and several more mausoleums and buildings made of red sandstone.

EVEREST BASE CAMP

WhereNepal
The summit of Mt. Everest is an icon for adventure. But you don’t need to conquer the 29,000-foot peak to experience the exhilaration, challenge, and culture of life in the high Himalayas. Everest Base Camp is located in the world’s highest national park, Qomolangma National Nature Preserve, and is open to tourists as well as to mountaineers.
Insider Tip: There are technically two base camps on Everest. North Base Camp sits on the Tibet side at 16,900 feet, and South Base Camp on the Nepal side at 17,598 feet. Outfitters lead visitors there by shuttle from the Tibet side, or by multi-day trek from the Nepal side. Bike Tours Direct offers a 17-day cycling journey from the Tibetan capital ofLhasa.

BHUTAN

Where: Bhutan
The isolated Kingdom of Bhutan transitioned to a constitutional monarchy in 2008, and quickly became more open and welcoming to travelers. The capital city of Thimphu will become a major pilgrimage center and a focal point for Buddhists all over the world when construction of the Buddha Dordenma, an enormous bronze Buddha statue overlooking the city, is complete. Bhutan makes our list not only for its untouched natural beauty, but also for a unique culture that measures progress in terms of Gross Domestic Happiness.
Insider Tip: Mountain biking in Bhutan is some of the best in the world. Both the 34-year-old king and his father (the former king and creator of Gross National Happiness) are said to be avid mountain bikers. And the sport is not only for the hard core. Bhutan has seemingly endless miles of easy trails through lush valleys, along rivers, up and over rolling hills, and connecting rural villages.

GREAT WALL OF CHINA

Where: China
One of the most iconic man-made structures on Earth, the Great Wall of China is not one continuous wall, but rather a series of shorter walls. In their entirety, the walls span more than 5,500 miles and eight provinces along the southern edge of the Mongolian plain. Originally built to keep out nomads and invaders, the Great Wall winds along the crests of hills, providing a stunning vantage point of the rugged landscape.
Insider Tip: The most memorable experiences at the Great Wall are hikes along the top. The Jinshanling Great Wall, located 2.5 hours from Beijing, is lauded as the best-preserved section, and is a photographer’s dream. The six-mile stretch has five passes, 67 watchtowers, and two beacon towers.

THE GREAT BARRIER REEF

Where: Australia
Located in the Coral Sea off the coast ofQueensland, Australia, the Great Barrier Reefis more than 1,400 miles long and the largest coral reef system on the planet. Dubbed the Blue Outback, the reef is a protected marine park and World Heritage Site comprised of 900 islands and 3,000 individual reefs. The marine life statistics are dizzying. To mention a few: 5,000 species of mollusk (including the giant clam); 1,500 fish species; 400 coral species, 215 bird species; 125 species of shark, stingray, skates, and chimaera; 30 species of dolphins, whales, and porpoises.
Insider Tip: You don’t have to be a scuba diver for an unforgettable experience. Snorkeling provides dazzling underwater sightseeing and plenty of exposure to marine life. Whether you’re looking to go deep, or skim the surface, there are close to 1,000 outfitters permitted to work in the Great Barrier Reef.

ANTARCTICA

Where: Antarctica
The most remote place on the planet, Antarctica is located almost entirely within in the Antarctic Circle. There are no human residents here, thanks to a hostile climate of cold and wind. (The lowest recorded temperature is -129 °F.) But the absence of people means a pristine wilderness like none other, with colossal icebergs, giant whales, and tens of thousands of penguins.
Insider Tip: Antarctic cruises can be frustrating: You’re in the most remote spot on earth, and yet constantly surrounded by 80–150 other people. It’s worth the extra cost for an outfitter offering small-group voyages, like polar experts Natural Habitat Adventures, who take as few as eight travelers and also have a special permit for camping ashore far from research stations.